Jabal Abu-Ghneim 
The Most Dangerous Project in the History of Israeli Settlement Policy

Jabal Abu-Ghneim: The Most Dangerous Project in the History of Israeli Settlement Policy.

The hard-line Netanyahu government's decision to approve the building of a settlement neighborhood called "Har-Homa" on Palestinian land of Jabal Abu-Ghneim, constitutes a flagrant violation to international law, and has rendered a painful blow to the principles of the peace process. The dangerous decision threatens to turn the region back into the cycle of violence and conflict, ready to explode at any moment.

This is one of the biggest projects in the Israeli settlement history, as it will absorb at its first stages more than 30 thousand settlers, totaling 100 thousand settlers once it is completed.

The expropriation process of Jabal Abu-Ghneim began in the aftermath of the proposal submitted by "Mikore and Hatoura" Companies to the former finance minister Yitzhak Moda'ei in 1991. The proposal implied the establishment of a southern wall for Jerusalem, comprising 8500 housing units.

In compliance with this proposal, former minister Modae'i took the necessary procedures to achieve this end. He announced the government's intention to confiscate 1850 dunums from its Palestinian owners from Beit-Sahour and Um-Tuba. He also endorsed, on his last day as Minster of Finance, the decision without waiting the opinion of the "objection committee" in this respect.

The bitter struggle began between the Israeli settlement project on Abu-Ghneim and the owners of the land backed by the Palestinian people.

The project aims at tightening Israel control around the city of Jerusalem, and making it impossible to reach an accepted solution in the final status negotiations.

The struggle against this project took many forms, including political and legal as well as popular protests. The struggle has widened to include regional and international dimensions.

Nevertheless, the Netanyhau government still insists on going ahead with its ominous decision.

Geographical Location of Jabal Abu-Ghneim

     Jabal Abu-Ghneim lies southeast of the city of Jerusalem, at an altitude of 870m. above sea level. It is the highest point within the surrounding area where it overlooks the cities of Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Beit-Sahour and the villages of Um-Tuba and Sur-Baher.

Nature of the Expropriation Decision.

The forested area which includes the mountain has been declared as a "green area." Thus it is illegal to build on it. In 1991, Jabal Abu-Ghneim was confiscated and given ?state land? status by the Israeli government.

This is one of the ways the Israeli authorities resort to in order to expropriate land from its owners in order to build Jewish settlements.

The total area of the mountain is estimated at 1950 dunums distributed as follows:

The city of Bethlehem - 1100 dunums

The city of Beit-Sahur - 550 dunums

Um-Tuba village - 300 dunums

Reasons that pressed Netanyahu's government to take this decision at this time are many and hereunder are the most important:

- The final status negotiations will start in the near future, so it is time to impose the Israeli position of power on the negotiating table, disregarding the basis of the peace process and the world condemnation to Israeli settlement policy in general.

- The first of the three further withdrawals from areas B and C would have begun.

- Taking advantage of international rapprochement with the Likud government after signing the Hebron protocol.

- The planned visit of President Arafat to the US.

- Reaching an advanced stage of negotiations on strategic issues including the safe passage and the airport.

Aims and Results of the Settling Project:

- Closing of the Southern entrance of Jerusalem, thus isolating the city from the rest of the Palestinian territories.

- Isolating the Palestinian towns surrounding Jerusalem, like Abu-Dis, Shu'fat, Sur-Baher, and others, which must be subject to negotiations in the final stage. Israel's aim is to complete the ring of settlements around them and accordingly making them outside discussions and negotiations.

- Creating a demographic imbalance in the Palestinian cities of Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Beit-Sahur, and the surrounding villages. According to Israeli sources the anticipated number of settlers in the planned settlements (Gilo, Giva'at Arba'a, and Har-Homa) is estimated at 100 thousands settlers while the population of Bethlehem district are 120 thousand citizens.

- Squeezing the city of Beit-Sahur, where it will be impossible to develop. Therefore, it will witness a shortage of housing units which will lead to Palestinian move elsewhere, because the lands of Abu-Ghneim mountain were the only available lands to build on in the future.

- Regarding the village of Um-Tuba, the situation is more dangerous since the village lost its lands in the latest expropriations, and the new zoning plan will make it impossible for the village to find solutions to their housing problems.

- Among the economic aims of the settling project, the construction of a number of tourist hotels and industrial zones to compete with the city of Bethlehem. This settlement ring includes Gush Etzion, street 60, and street 80, where they surrounded three Palestinian cities, they are, Bethlehem, Beit-Sahur, and Beit-Jala. The goal is to isolate these cities from other Palestinian cities.

Z o n e A r e a

Institutions + Public Buildings 266,5 dunums

Hotels 28,30 dunums

Public Parks 102,6 dunums

Private Parks 28,20 dunums

Housing Zones 779,40 dunums

Panoramic Zone 332,50 dunums

Engineering Establishments 13,40 dunums

Industrial Zone 17,5 dunums

This means job opportunities for the settlers near their residencies places.

In addition to the Ministerial Committee's decision to build on Jabal Abu-Ghneim, the committee approved the building of a number of settlement roads aimed at enhancing the Israeli dominance over the city. These roads include:

Road number 45. Estimated at 30 km. Starting from ?Beit-Shimen? juncture, passing by Givat Ze'ev settlement, and ending at ?Atarout? industrial zone near Jerusalem airport.

The east ring road, estimated at 10 km. This is a main road which links "Ma'aleh Adumim" settlement with Jabal Al-Mashaaref the ?French Hill,? and Bethlehem.

Jabal Al-Mashaaref road. It is linked to the east ring road through a 500 meter long tunnel and ends at road number 1.

In addition to the above, the plan to build road number 80, which starts from Tel-Arad area and ends at Mishour Adumim settlement.
Palestine Ministry Of Information. MAR. 19, 1997.

Related Sites:

• The Har Homa Settlement and the Uprooting of Abu Ghnaim Forest - Applied Research Institute (ARIJ)